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Organic food products have become significant in recent years as consumers are becoming more conscious about health and wellness, environmental protection, and food security. But despite their growing popularity, there are various issues affecting their uptake. The current study seeks to examine the issues related with organic food products from the consumers’ view. Primary data has been gathered through a questionnaire from a sample of 130 people in Coimbatore city. The study used a descriptive research design. The study reveals price, lack of awareness, availability and certification issues are the major problems. This study finds that while consumers have a favourable attitude towards organic food, their buying intentions are limited by economic and availability issues. The research ends with recommendations to enhance awareness, purchase convenience and price of organic food products.

The COVID-19 pandemic has restricted the Consumer movements to their homes due to which consumers have to be reliant on e-commerce to manage their day-to-day chores. This study investigates how Socio-Behavioural Approach affects the online purchase behaviour of women belonging to Generation Z (born ~1997-2012) in both urban and rural settings. As Gen Z is the first true “digital native” generation, their online shopping habits are distinct in terms of preferences, risk perceptions and technology usage. Specially in the case of Women Consumers the scenario becomes very vigilant as there is huge amount of difference in them in the following manners: The thought process of rural and urban women consumers is very different, their risk handling capacity also does vary, their level of education varies, there is huge difference of social background in them.
Previous literature has explored Gen Z’s online purchasing behaviour and separately Socio-Behavioural Approach across generations, but little work has addressed how Socio-Behavioural Approach mediates or moderates online purchase decisions for Gen Z women in diverse geographies (urban vs rural) Using Secondary data techniques the study finds that higher Socio-Behavioural Approach— operationalised via knowledge of online risks, safe practices, and trust in website/transaction security — will be positively associated with higher frequency of online purchases and higher willingness to transact. However, the strength of the effect differs between urban and rural women: urban women show stronger impact of Socio-Behavioural Approach on purchase behaviour, while rural women’s behaviour is more strongly influenced by other factors such as perceived convenience and social influence. The findings suggest that enhancing cybersecurity education and awareness among rural Gen Z women can help reduce risk perceptions, thereby increasing online shopping participation and bridging the urban-rural digital commerce divide.

The rapid proliferation of social media platforms has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of consumer purchasing behaviour. This study investigates the influence of social media on online consumer behaviour and digital shopping trends, with special reference to social commerce practices. Using a descriptive research design and a structured questionnaire administered to 101 respondents of diverse demographic profiles, the study employs percentage analysis, chi-square testing, and weighted average methods for data interpretation. The findings reveal that social media exerts a moderate influence on consumer buying behaviour; however, factors such as product quality, trust, pricing, and customer service remain pivotal determinants of purchase decisions. Most respondents maintain a neutral stance towards social media advertisements, influencer marketing, and online shopping convenience. The chi-square analysis confirms no statistically significant relationship between gender and satisfaction with social media shopping (χ² = 9.97, df = 8, p > 0.05). A weighted average score of 3.10 indicates moderate-to-positive consumer evaluations of online product variety. The study underscores the necessity for businesses to augment credibility, engagement strategies, and consumer trust to fully harness the potential of social media commerce.

Sales and marketing professionals face chronic stressors, including performance targets, rejection, role ambiguity, and environmental uncertainty, necessitating psychological resilience for sustained well-being and performance. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, Self-Regulation Theory and positive psychology frameworks, this study examines how self-determination, self-regulation, mindfulness, and salesperson resilience predict job satisfaction and career well-being among 275 professionals from Indian FMCG, retail, B2B, and jewellery sectors. Employing a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected, and descriptive statistics revealed high mean levels while Pearson correlations demonstrated exceptionally strong interrelationships. Theoretical contributions include empirical validation of resilience as the dominant “black box” mediator subsuming motivational and regulatory processes, challenging fragmented sales psychology models. Practical implications emphasise resilience-building interventions—transformational leadership training, post-rejection debriefs, and mindfulness programs—for reducing 20-30% salesforce attrition. Limitations encompass cross-sectional design and non-probability sampling; future research should employ longitudinal, multi-source approaches with refined measurement.

This study compares the effects of direct and indirect taxes on GDP in order to examine the relationship between taxes and economic growth in India. The study uses time-series data from 2000–2001 to 2024–2025 in a quantitative, explanatory research approach. The Economic Survey, Ministry of Finance publications, and the Reserve Bank of India are the sources of secondary data. To evaluate the strength and importance of the tax-growth link, analytical tools include multiple regression approaches, ratio analysis, Pearson correlation, and descriptive statistics.
The findings show that there is a substantial and statistically significant positive correlation between GDP and tax revenue. Both direct taxes (r = 0.98) and indirect taxes (r = 0.97) have very high correlation values. According to regression research, direct taxes have a greater effect on GDP (β = 0.72) than indirect taxes (β = 0.41). A structural movement toward a more effective and equitable tax system is indicated by ratio analysis, which also shows an increasing Direct Tax-to-GDP ratio and a decreasing reliance on indirect taxes.
By providing an integrated time-series analysis of India’s tax structure and its effect on GDP over a long period of time, this study closes a major gap and emphasizes the growing significance of direct taxes in promoting economic development.

The present study examines the impact of beneficiary characteristics such as demographic and socio-economic variables on the loan utilization factors under the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) scheme. For present study It considered on five independent demographic and socio-economic variables of beneficiaries such as “Age, Gender, Education, Occupation and Income. Moreover, it considers following 6 dependent variables of loan utilization such as “Awareness of the scheme, Type of Loan, Type of Bank, Purpose of Loan, Processing Time and Sufficiency of Loan Amount”. The primary objective of study was to assess the impact of select independent factors on their borrowing behaviour and loan experience of beneficiaries under PMMY. To analyze this it adopted a descriptive, analytical methodology framework, based on data collected using primary sources. For the analysis of data, it adopted “Percentage & Chi-square” statistical test at 5 percent level of significance. While the results indicates that the influence of select independent factors on loan utilization is not uniform across all dimensions. The age of beneficiaries shows partial association and it significantly influencing only with the purpose of loan and processing time. While, gender does not exhibit any statistical association with any of the loan utilization variables, indicating uniformity in access and experience for both male and female beneficiaries. In contrast, beneficiary education level emerged as a key determinant, showing significant relationship with all the dimensions of loan utilization. Similarly, beneficiary occupation also significantly influencing awareness, type of bank, purpose of loan, processing time and loan sufficiency, suggesting that employment status shapes the financial exposure and borrowing behaviour. Whereas, beneficiary Income level also demonstrates a significant association with almost all loan utilization variables, except the type of loan, indicating that economic capacity of beneficiary plays an important role in shaping borrowing patterns and loan experience. Overall, these findings suggest that beneficiary socio-economic factors such as education, occupation and income-levels have a stronger influence on PMMY loan utilization compared to their demographic characteristics like age and gender. Finally, it concludes that by improving the financial literacy, strengthening awareness programs and simplifying loan procedures for beneficiary will essentially enhance the effectiveness of the PMMY.

Sustainable tourism in India is increasingly recognized as a critical approach to balance economic growth, environmental conservation, and socio-cultural development. This study provides a comprehensive review of sustainable tourism practices, government initiatives, and policies across all Indian states and Union Territories. It highlights region-specific strategies, including community-based eco-tourism, heritage and cultural preservation, marine and coastal conservation, high-altitude eco-tourism, and wildlife protection. The analysis emphasizes the importance of low-impact tourism, eco-friendly infrastructure, community participation, and regulatory frameworks in achieving sustainable outcomes. The study also identifies best practices, challenges, and opportunities between States and Union Territories of India and to enhance environmental stewardship, support local livelihoods, and ensure the long-term viability of tourism in India