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The article is dedicated to the analysis of modern trends in the development of enterprise application architecture under conditions of distributed teamwork. The relevance of the study is determined by the rapid expansion of geographically dispersed software teams, the intensification of inter-team dependencies, and the increasing complexity of architectural governance in large-scale digital systems. The novelty of the research lies in the interpretation of enterprise architecture not merely as a technical framework but as a coordination regime shaped by scaling dynamics, ownership structures, platform engineering practices, and modernization trajectories. The work describes structural transformations associated with microservices adoption, legacy system modernization, platform consolidation, and remote collaboration. Special attention is paid to the relationship between modularization and coordination density, as well as to the tension between autonomy and synchronization in distributed environments. The goal of the study is to identify systemic regularities that determine architectural evolution in distributed enterprise systems. Comparative and analytical methods were applied to synthesize contemporary research findings. The conclusions characterize architectural development as cyclical and governance-dependent. The article will be useful for enterprise architects, IT managers, and researchers studying large-scale distributed software systems.

Rapid expansion of the Indian digital payment’s ecosystem, driven by UPI, mobile wallets and QR-based transactions, has significantly penetrated the small towns and low-income segments, positioning them as the critical entry points for the low-cash economy. While previous research has focused mainly on pre-conditions for adoption, such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social impact and perceived trust, there is limited understanding of how the mindful use of digital payments shapes the sustainable behaviour of payment users in the physical world. Digital payment mindfulness can be conceived as a reflective, aware and deliberate mode of engagement with payment applications, which is characterised by attention to transaction details, security cues, the consequences of spending and the contextual risks.The proposed study aims to examine the role of digital payment awareness in influencing the frequency, continuity and quality of cashless payment behaviour among consumers with a low propensity to save, in India, with a particular focus on savings-related transactions. The study will develop and validate a multidimensional scale for digital payment awareness, drawing on literature on mindful use of technologies and financial literacy, and adapting it to the context of low income and low resources. It will look at how awareness, ease of use, digital literacy and risk-prevalence predict the use of mobile payments, savings-related transactions to auto-payments, micro-investment apps and reduced reliance on cash by consumers rural areas. Structured questionnaires will be administered using assisted data collection. The data will be analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and modelling of structural relationships to assess the reliability and validity of the digital payment habituation model and to test the hypotheses on structural relationships. The study should theoretically contribute by introducing and operationalising digital payment awareness in the literature on cashless payments in emerging economies and by extending frameworks for the uptake of technologies with a more nuanced psychological perspective. From a management and policy point of view, the findings can inform the design of incentives, in-app interfaces and financial education interventions to increase mindful use, reduce fraud and excessive spending, and promote an inclusive, resilient and responsible cashless payment ecosystem for consumers in India, through savings-based transactions.

Job satisfaction refers to the positive emotional state outcomes from how individuals perceive their job and working conditions. When teachers feel valued and content in their job, they perform better and contribute more to school success and Satisfied teachers are more motivated, consistent in their work, and better able to build a positive classroom environment.
This study aims to examine factors that influence job satisfaction among private school teachers in the Itanagar Capital Region, Arunachal Pradesh. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that recognition, promotion, coworker relations, and supervisor support all positively influence job satisfaction, with recognition being the strongest predictor. Based on these findings, it is recommended that school managements implement structured recognition programs and develop transparent, merit-based promotion pathways to enhance teachers’ morale and retention.

Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) are important in healthcare system within the state of Kerala where they act as an interface between the formal healthcare system and the rural populations. Although they are very important employees, ASHA workers experience a lot of job stress as a result of being overworked, not well compensated, and lack of resources. In this article, the author examines the factors and implications of work-related stress to the employees of the ASHA in Kerala and also discusses the possible remedies to change the working environment. The results demonstrate the significance of fair pay, enhanced training, emotional support, and workload management to destress job and improve the performance of ASHA employees in Kerala.

Modern ports worldwide are undergoing rapid digital transformation to meet growing global trade and supply chain demands. This paper examines the adoption of advanced technologies—Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), block chain, digital twins, autonomous systems, and predictive analytics—and their contribution to modernizing port logistics and operational management. These innovations enhance cargo handling, reduce turnaround time, improve transparency, and support data-driven decision-making. The study also highlights evolving governance models such as Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) and port privatization, which help attract investment and accelerate technological development. With a special focus on Chennai Port, the paper evaluates its digital progress, persistent challenges, and alignment with global smart-port standards. The findings emphasize the need for strengthened legislation to support cyber-security, digital documentation, automation, and unified data-sharing frameworks for a sustainable and future-ready port ecosystem.

An important element of human resource management is the Human Approach while managing people. Training and Development, Performance appraisal, Potential Appraisal, Career Planning and Development, Compensation and Reward are the major HR practices in any business organization. Human Resource has been considered as one of the most important factors today in managing all material facts of an organization. The present market conditions and scenario need to innovative HR practices in competitive environment. For achieving these objectives IT sectors needs to adopt innovative HR practices. The aim of this paper is to examine the innovative HR practices in IT sector. For better functioning of IT sector and for a suitable growth of this sector there, HR plays a vital role in managing manpower with the consistence to the goal of the corporation. For this reason, IT sector needs to carefully evaluate their existing HR practices and modify them with innovation. In this research paper efforts are made for to understand Innovative HR practices and to analyze the role of Innovative HR Practices in IT sectors.

The forecasted global economic improvement of USD 13.1 trillion from 5G by 2035 is expected to have a noticeable impact on the world economy, and its potential influence on reimagining e-commerce is especially untapped in emerging markets like Vietnam, where online retail skyrocketed 37.66% in 2024. This examination explores the impacts of 5G on online shopping while integrating Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT) in hosting an adoption-satisfaction analysis. From the second half of November 2024 till March 15, 2025, we conducted 30 in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions (n = 48) alongside 460 SEM surveys from consumers aged 18-45 that were performed during the first month of 2025, combining with Hanoi, Bac Giang, Hai Phong, Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh, and Ha Tinh. Results highlight the importance of interactivity (β = 0.48, p < 0.001), personalization (β = 0.34, p < 0.001), and security (β = 0.17, p = 0.019) as main driving factors accounting for 70.4% of the observed variance (R² = 0.704), and a negative influence from cost (β = -0.20, p = 0.008). The juxtaposition of 5G and 4G reveals interactivity’s increasing importance in the context of 5G (β = 0.55 vs 0.32), giving way to an astonishing paradox where users with higher income prefer interactivity to cost (β = 0.58 vs -0.10), giving interactivity more weight as well. To take advantage of 5G, companies ought to implement real-time monitoring systems with graduated pricing (e.g., VND 50,000/month). This study rethinks the adoption processes and provides a roadmap for e-commerce within the context of economies undergoing digital transformation.

Since the Liberation, globalization and technological advancements, the world experiences the accelerated great changes. The business organizations are continually revising their strategies to survive and sustain their business process. Organizational Agility is the recent way for adapting the changes and have the organizational sustainability and face the stiff competition in the business environment. The main aim of the study was to assess the Organizational Agility among the IT Professionals in Top Indian Information Technology Industry. For this purpose, data was collected from 637 respondents through a well-structured and pre-tested instrument by adopting non-probability purposive sampling technique during the year 2024. The descriptive statistics namely: Mean and Standard Deviation, one-way analysis of variance and independent sample ‘t’-test are applied to find out the mean difference and variances among the respondents. The study concludes that in particularly organizational agility is found to be higher for the senior Executives / Managers. Policy implication is given in this study.

The Priority Sector Lending (PSL) has been a long and winding journey and is integrally connected to the political economy of Indian banking over last 60 years. PSL started as an informal idea to push lending to the neglected sectors, but quickly transformed into a formal policy which has gone through multiple changes and tribulations. PSL is often criticized for poor performance of the banking sector, especially public sector banks. The analysis shows no significant difference in the growth rates of Priority Sector Advances between public and private sector banks in India. A strong positive association is found between total advances and priority sector lending for both bank groups, demonstrating that priority sector credit expands alongside overall lending. While public sector banks maintain higher proportional exposure to priority sectors, private sector banks also show comparable growth in priority sector advances, reflecting the impact of regulatory mandates.

Business analytics has emerged as a critical tool for start-ups seeking to navigate the complexities of modern markets. In the context of Kerala, a region known for its growing entrepreneurial ecosystem, the adoption of data-driven strategies is increasingly shaping the trajectory of new ventures. This study evaluates the impact of business analytics on the operational efficiency, decision-making processes, and overall growth of start-ups in Kerala. By exploring the extent to which analytics influences key performance indicators such as customer acquisition, market expansion, and resource optimization, this research highlights its transformative potential. Through a mixed-methods approach involving surveys and case studies, the findings reveal the challenges faced by start-ups in implementing analytics solutions, including cost barriers and a lack of technical expertise. The study concludes with recommendations for fostering a data-centric culture among Kerala’s start-ups, emphasizing the role of government initiatives, skill development programs, and affordable technology solutions to support sustainable growth in the region.