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The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is a US dollar 33 billion industry in 2017 and recognised as growth driver. The industry is the back bone behind maintaining the healthcare system of our country. The term performance can be judged from different angles according to the viewpoint of the different users of the same. When a financial analyst explains performance then that will be from profitability and growth perspective. But an economist will contradict the financial analyst by judging the performance from the viewpoint of maximum utilisation of resources with equal distribution of wealth and gains. The study tried to investigate financial strengths and weaknesses of the companies. Generally, the relationship between different items of profit and loss account and balance sheet are scrutinised to detect the financial health of the companies. Ratio Analysis is used in the study for performance analysis. The study scrutinised their financial performances taking into account unit level disaggregation. The analysis results are useful for the industry analysis and will facilitate industry predictors as well as academia

This article explores the role of Cultural Intelligence (CQ) in enhancing employee engagement among women in the Information Technology (IT) sector. In an era of globalization and increasing workforce diversity, CQ has emerged as a critical competency for fostering inclusive and high-performance work environments. Despite the significant contributions of women to the IT industry, they continue to face unique challenges such as gender bias, limited career advancement opportunities, and work-life balance issues. This paper examines how culturally intelligent organizations and leadership practices can address these barriers by promoting an inclusive culture that values diversity and fosters employee engagement. Drawing on existing literature, the article highlights the link between CQ and engagement, emphasizing how cultural intelligence can improve communication, collaboration, and support for women in the workplace. Furthermore, it provides practical recommendations for IT organizations to invest in CQ development programs, implement supportive policies, and create an environment conducive to greater engagement and retention of female employees. The findings suggest that enhancing CQ in the workplace not only benefits women but contributes to overall organizational success by creating a more inclusive, motivated, and engaged workforce.

The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) was launched on 8th April 2015 by the honourable Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi. PMMY also known as the Mudra loan scheme intends to bridge the funding gap to the micro enterprises and also aims to boost the confidence of the first-generation entrepreneurs and assist existing small borrowers expand their activities. The potential MUDRA borrowers under PMMY are non-corporate small business sector (NCSBS) and Own account Enterprise (OAEs) including proprietorship and partnership firms engaged in small manufacturing units, service sector enterprises, shop keeping, fruits and vegetables vending trucking operating food services, repairing and maintenance, operating machines, running small industries, food processing, handicraft making (artisans) among others in both rural and urban areas. Moreover, from the financial year 2016-17 activities allied to agriculture have also been made eligible under PMMY. PMMY consisted of launching of three loan products pegged at 50,000 called the “Shishu” loan; loan product of amounts ranging above50,000 up to 500,000 called “Kishor”; and loan product amounts ranging above500,000 and up to `1 million called “Tarun”. The instrumentality through which these products would be rolled out were to use the vast network of bank branches as well as co-opt microfinance institutions, cooperatives, and other players who were in the business of financing, thereby expanding the institutional scope of the scheme.
The main objective of the paper is to analyse the progress and performance of PMMY over the years since its inception. The study is analysed based on agency-wise, state-wise, region –wise, category-wise performance under the PMMY. It will also highlight some of the limitations of the scheme.
The study is based on secondary data and mainly drawn from reports of MUDRA Yojana (PMMY report). Other sources like newspapers, journals were also consulted during the course of the study.

Financial Myopia refers to the tendency of individuals to focus on immediate benefits while neglecting long-term financial consequences. It is a form of cognitive bias where people prioritize immediate gratification over future financial stability, often leading to poor financial decision-making. The study was conducted to investigate the factors contributing to financial myopia, to identify myopic status of individuals, to test the association between demographic factor of age and financial myopia using Chi-Square testing and, to analyze the outcomes and steps to avoid financial myopia. Data for the study has been collected from both primary and secondary sources. Area of the study is limited to the respondents of Ernakulam district with the sample size of 100. Data collected has been analyzed and presented in the form of tables, pie chart and bar-graphs. The study concludes by identifying lack of financial literacy, instant access to credit, peer pressure and short-term gains as factors that contributes to financial myopic behavior. Majority of the respondents possess myopic behavior. The outcomes of financial myopia include debt accumulation, increased stress and anxiety, financial instability and, low or no savings. The Chi-Square Test proves that there exists a significant association between demographic factor of age and financial myopia. Being financially literate was found to be the best possible and effective solution to avoid financial myopia in future.

This research explores publication trends and patterns of scientific collaboration in green economy studies using bibliometric analysis based on data from Scopus. The research traces the growth in the quantity of publications, journals with highest contributions, the areas of publication, the most productive institutions and countries, the relationships between authors, and the variables most related in this field. The results show a significant surge in green economy related publications, with China as a major contributor. Journals such as Resources Policy and Energy Economics are the main platforms for the dissemination of research in this field. Keyword analysis revealed a close relationship between the green economy and sustainability, innovation, resource efficiency and environmental policy. The findings confirm the critical role of the green economy in supporting sustainable development also adaptation to climate change. In addition, this study highlights the importance of greater participation from emerging countries to expand the implementation of green economy concepts globally. The result of this research presents valuable insights for academics, policymakers, and industry in formulating more sustainable economic strategies.

Kerala’s entrepreneurship culture has changed dramatically, becoming a thriving ecosystem that encourages creativity and company expansion. Kerala’s history of trade and business has a strong influence on its entrepreneurial culture. Numerous family-owned businesses that have been handed down through the generations are part of the state’s lengthy history of business. The state’s economy has been greatly influenced by these traditional companies, which have also laid the groundwork for contemporary entrepreneurship. The existence of excellent educational establishments, such as medical and engineering schools, has produced a pool of bright and capable individuals who are prepared to launch their own companies. Through the Kerala Startup Mission (KSUM), the government of Kerala launched the startup movement by developing and enforcing policies aimed at establishing a thriving startup ecosystem in the state. Kerala’s entrepreneurial culture is a vibrant, ever-changing environment propelled by creativity, social responsibility, and a strong sense of belonging. While there are challenges that need to be addressed, the state’s high literacy rate, strong educational infrastructure, and government support have created a conducive environment for entrepreneurship to thrive.

This paper presents a critical analysis of the age-old issue of rural poverty of India in the backdrop of high economic growth. This has been the result of the limitations of the trickle-down theory as well as the limitations in the rural credit system. The study discusses the income and purchasing power of rural individuals, the barriers to their institutional credit, and the dominance of informal moneylenders. The study promotes a holistic approach to rural development beyond credit-based interventions, emphasizing the importance of infrastructure development, skill development, value education, and the convergence of modern economic thinking with ancient moral economics. The study also explores new paradigms for financial institutions at the village level and proposes policy interventions to ensure inclusive and sustainable rural development in India, finally resulting in village autonomy and self-reliance.

The study attempts to explore the mediating mechanism of intrinsic motivation in the relationship between qualitative job insecurity and extra- role performance. Data from 403 employees working in information technology organizations operating in India sampled using convenience sampling technique were collected through a structured questionnaire survey and subjected to analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM). The study employs a descriptive research design for testing the proposed relational hypotheses. The results of SEM indicate that there is a significantly positive relationship between qualitative job insecurity and extra-role performances, which are mediated by intrinsic motivation partially. The moderating role of employee optimism in the relationship between qualitative job insecurity and intrinsic motivation has been established. The study contributes to qualitative job insecurity research and establishes the importance of employee optimism and intrinsic motivation in reinforcing employees’ attention towards job and organizational goals.