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Republic Act 9184 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR), also known as the Government Procurement Reform Act (GPRA) 2003, guide the Philippine government procurement system to ensure transparency, competitiveness, and accountability in the government’s procurement of goods, infrastructure projects, and consulting services. This study aimed to determine the practices and challenges in the implementation of Republic Act 9184 in the local government units in Oroquita City. This study used a quantitative and descriptive survey design to assess the practice and challenges of implementing Republic Act 9184 in selected local government units in Misamis Occidental. The study’s respondents included members of the Bids and Awards Committee, BAC-TWG, and Provisional BAC members (unit heads). The researcher adapted a standardized questionnaire from the Dagohoy et al. (2023) study. The results showed that local government units in Misamis Occidental rated their government procurement practices as “always practiced,” indicating a high level of consistency. The Bids and Awards Committee faced significant challenges during the procurement process, placing it in the “much challenging” category. The researcher highly recommends that Local government units and municipalities may continue to prioritize and enhance their use of electronic procurement methods. Second, to address the issue of substandard items, the committee could enhance their supplier vetting process to select only reputable and high-quality vendors for procurement. Lastly, the committee should conduct regular reviews of past procurement projects to identify areas for improvement and continuously improve the procurement process.

This study examined the effect of corporate governance mechanism on financial distress likelihood of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria for a period of fifteen years (2008-2022). Published annual reports were used as secondary data from the sampled firms. The population consists of 13 consumer goods firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange as at 31st December 2021 and the sample size was made up of 13 consumer goods firms having the required data. Atman’s Z- score was used to measure FDL. The study adopted multiple regression technique in analyzing the data extracted. The study concluded that board gender diversity has a significant effect on financial likelihood of listed consumer goods firm in Nigeria. However, board independence did not show significant effects on financial distress likelihood of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study recommended that the presence of independent directors on the board should be encouraged as they will enhance monitoring mechanism and reduce the propensity to likelihood of financial distress. Additionally, that the inclusion of female directors should be maintained by the listed consumer goods firm in Nigeria in order to mitigate the likelihood of financial distress

India’s smartphone manufacturing industry has surged to $44 billion, marking a significant milestone. The country’s smartphone exports have reached a record high of $11 billion. A mere decade ago, imports dominated the market with 98% of mobile phones being brought in from abroad. Now an impressive 99.2% of mobile phones used in India are domestically produced, showcasing a remarkable shift towards local manufacturing. The government aims to reach a milestone of USD 300 billion in electronics manufacturing by 2025-26, with exports accounting for USD 120 billion of that figure. Mobile phones are projected to play a significant role, contributing over USD 50 billion to exports by 2025-26. Against this backdrop, the present study is conducted to understand how customers place these companies in their minds. This study tries to judge the perception of respondents by taking into account top-end features, basic features, brand image, economy, additional features, and versatility of physical characteristics prided by handset sellers with the help of factor analysis. The study suggests that handset sellers should be considering the above-mentioned factors to capitalize on the opportunity.

This study aims to study brand image of perfume products from perception of Generation X and Generation Y consumers in Chiang Mai, and compare difference in perfume brand image perception between Generation X and Generation Y consumers. This study also studies relationship between perfume brand image perception and relationship level consumers have with brand. The sample group used in this research is 200 buyers of designated perfume brands, 100 are in Generation X (Extraordinary Generation) and 100 are in Generation Y (Generation Why). Tool used in primary data collection is a questionnaire. Analysis of relationship between perfume brand image perception and relationship level consumers have with brand is done by deductive statistics, such as Pearson Correlation analysis. The research found that the two age-groups have the same level of perfume brand image perception for all 5 groups and 3 brands. Such result may be due to Chanel, Christian Dior and Yves Saint-Laurent products are leading products from Paris, France, that is already famous for perfume, also all 3 brands have longstanding reputations with worldwide consumer bases and markets, including Thailand. Although market share is different per spending and financial status of consumers, both age groups are always interested in the 3 perfume brands, which could be seen from high amount of attention when any of the brands releases new product, especially on Social Network.

The study was mixed methods research which use survey and analysis of data from business entrepreneurs who have been operating for 5 years or more, 10 locations in Bangkok. The snowball sampling method was used and 400 tourists by followed Taro Yamane, questionnaires were purposive sampling that who have used the spa services. Then analysed by descriptive statistics, Average standard deviation. Most of tourist are female, ages 41-50 years, single, revenue more than 40,001 Bath, career: private employee. Tourist behaviours of using Thai massage services for relieve stress 1 time per month. Period of spend the service around 1-2 hours per time in Saturday-Sunday. The influence persons in the use of the service were themselves. The expense par time to use the was less than 1,000 Baht. Marketing Mix (7Ps) travellers focus on satisfaction in providing services of spa business in term of process, physical environment, marketing promotion, people, place, price and products as severally. Equivalent of women and men entrepreneurs in Day spa business. The investment were personal capital and a bank credit. There are 10 or more employees. Types of massage services were general spa which are various price, on location store. The marketing promotions were public relations, brochure, event. The staffs dress well as simple, elegant, good-looking, and clean. In terms of personnel employees who take an experience and able to communicate in foreign languages are selected. For service staffs have to professional license, good personality, and have a good relationship. Raw materials used in the spa business were purchase from ready-made raw materials. Problems and obstacles in the spa business are a lack of staff who have a knowledge or expertise in spa business management, high of staff turnover and a services skill of employees in providing services are rare. In marketing aspect were high competition, good locations were rare and high cost. Herbs which used in spa business were general such as turmeric, Phlai, compress massage oil, tamarind, Kaffir lime, balm, aroma oil and etc. Currently, there is no shortage of such herbs. and has sufficient quantity to meet demand.

In the dynamic world of finance, banks play a pivotal role in economic stability and growth, and analysing their financial performance is crucial for investors, regulators, and policymakers. This study offers a comparative analysis of the financial performance of banks over five years (2018-19 to 2022-23), underscoring their importance in the financial ecosystem. It evaluates profitability, asset quality, and liquidity, key indicators of a bank’s health and efficiency. Profitability is assessed through Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Net Interest Margin (NIM), while Asset Quality is gauged using Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets (NPA) ratios, and the Credit Deposit Ratio. Liquidity is examined via Liquid Assets to Total Assets and Liquid Assets to Demand Deposits ratios. Employing ratio analysis and a correlation matrix, the research uncovers trends and interrelationships in these financial metrics. The findings reveal an overall enhancement in profitability and asset quality, with notable increases in ROA and ROE and a decline in NPA ratios. Liquidity analysis shows varying trends. This study provides critical insights into the banking sector’s financial health, highlighting areas of strength and potential risk, essential for informed decision-making and strategic planning in the financial industry.

The present research paper tries to explore the causal relationship between savings and investment in India using a time series dataset spanning the years 1960 to 2021. The entire dataset is divided into two distinct sub-periods: the pre-liberalization (1960–1990) and the post-liberalization (1991–2021). The empirical analysis is done through correlation matrix, unit root analysis, cointegration analysis, VAR Granger causality, and pairwise Granger causality. The correlation matrix indicates that the association between GDS and GDI is positive throughout the duration and sub-periods. Further, the unit root test outcomes exhibit that the variables are stationary at their first differences. The results from the cointegration analysis establish the existence of a long-term relationship between variables, VAR Granger causality test brings to light a one-way connection from GDS to GDI, whereas, the pairwise Granger causality test validates the findings obtained from the VAR Granger causality approach. Overall, the study concluded that the classical notion of planned savings always being equal to planned investment is not valid even after the liberalization of the Indian economy

This research aims to analyze the implementation of tender activities for the procurement of government goods and services using e-procurement and the inhibiting factors that influence the implementation of tender activities for the procurement of government goods and services using e-procurement. The research was carried out in the goods and services procurement section of the Regional Secretariat of Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Data was collected through key informants determined purposefully. The data collected is in the form of primary and secondary data. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and literature study. The analytical tool used is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the research are 1) communication has gone well, carried out formally and informally; the transmission dimension is carried out well, referring to standard operating procedures (SOP), the clarity dimension is clear, the consistency dimension is running well, 2) The staff resources of this section are still inadequate with the existing workload; information is running optimally, authority has been exercised well in implementing this policy, the facilities provided to users are adequate, 3) the disposition has gone well, consisting of: the implementer’s attitude in carrying out his duties has gone well, incentives have been provided and are adequate, 4) the bureaucratic structure is running well, consisting of; already has an SOP and its implementation has referred to the SOP, and fragmentation has been carried out in accordance with the provisions, 5) efficiency factors have run efficiently, effectiveness factors have run effectively, 6) accountable factors can be accounted for (accountable factors have operated very openly). Factors inhibiting the implementation of e-procurement-based government goods and services procurement tender activities are: 1) staff (Human Resources/HR), 2) electricity supply problems, 3) unstable internet quality system problems, 4) provider negligence goods or services, and 5) lack of local providers.