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The research examines the marketing, operational, and financial incentives that promote tech start-up growth and development. It uses a qualitative research strategy and interviews with nine original founders of tech start-ups based in Bengaluru. The study includes a diverse range respondents due to sampling, each with a successful track record in the tech sector, company expansion, and commitment to the Karnataka start-up objective. The interview questions used to select study participants were based on three main points. Using the NVivo 14 program, the data was transcribed and analysed. Incentives in the areas of finance (with 199 references), marketing (with 144 references), and operations (249 references) have helped mission start-up Karnataka attract a diverse group of investors and entrepreneurs. The local economy has been boosted and an atmosphere of growth and innovation has been established via the provision of these incentives. As a result, Karnataka is now firmly positioned on the global start-up map as an appealing state for launching a wide range of businesses.

This study is grounded in the need to better understand the specific attitudes, preferences, and behavioural patterns of consumers in Idukki district. It explores the socio-economic, psychological, and cultural factors influencing their purchase decisions. Moreover, it aims to identify the primary motivators and barriers to the adoption of organic products. Understanding these factors is crucial not only for producers and marketers but also for policymakers seeking to promote sustainable agricultural practices and public health initiatives. To achieve this, the study employs both descriptive and analytical methodologies. Surveys, interviews, and statistical analysis provide a holistic view of the consumer landscape. By investigating different demographic segments, this study can determine the relative importance of variables such as education, age, income, occupation, and cultural beliefs in shaping organic food preferences. This level of analysis is essential to move beyond surface-level insights and uncover deeper trends in consumer behaviour. The study found that consumers in Idukki district have a positive attitude towards organic products, with high awareness and belief in their health benefits. However, despite growing interest, actual consumption is limited by factors such as high prices, limited availability, and lack of trust in certification. Young, educated individuals are more inclined to buy organic products, especially fruits and vegetables, and most purchases are motivated by health concerns. Social and cultural influences like family and tradition also play a key role in shaping consumer choices. To increase adoption, efforts must focus on making organic products more affordable, easily available, and trustworthy. Strengthening awareness and supporting local farmers can also boost the organic product market in the region

Crop insurance is a crucial tool for risk management that helps farmers deal with possible risks brought about by climate change in an efficient manner. The third-largest crop insurance programme, PMFBY (Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana), serves as an assistance programme for farmers who have lost crops due to natural disasters. This study attempts to identify the major constraints faced by the farmers while availing the crop insurance programme. The research was conducted in the Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu, specifically focusing on the Thuraiyur and Uppiliyapuram blocks due to their significant horticulture crop coverage under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). Six villages were purposefully selected from these blocks, considering the number of PMFBY beneficiaries. Employing a proportionate random sampling method, the sample size of 120 was determined. A well-structured and tested interview schedule was used to conduct in-person interviews with the chosen respondents. The constraints were ranked using the Rank-Based Quotient (RBQ) method. The primary challenges faced by the beneficiaries included high premium rates, lack of understanding of the crop insurance programme, lack of trust among farmers about the programme and delay in receiving compensation for crop losses. Clarifying the procedure of getting insurance, lowering the premium rate, organizing training sessions on online insurance applications for farmers’ benefit, preventing delayed payment of compensation and establishing initiatives to inform farmers about PMFBY enables all farmers to benefit from it.

The global economic outlook in 2025 reveals a complex interplay of challenges and opportunities shaped by post-pandemic recovery disparities, persistent inflation, and shifting trade and monetary policies. This article presents a data-driven analysis of current global economic trends and their implications for the financial sector, drawing on sources such as the IMF, World Bank, and UN. It examines key macroeconomic indicators, including GDP growth, trade flows, foreign investment, inflation, labor dynamics, and commodity markets. While advanced economies face stagnation, many emerging markets demonstrate resilience despite external shocks.
A major focus is the resurgence of protectionism, notably tariff increases among major economies, which are reshaping global trade and investment patterns. Financial markets remain cautious amid high interest rates, restricted credit, and geopolitical uncertainties. Though inflation has eased from recent highs, it continues to complicate central banks’ balancing acts between growth and stability. Volatile commodity markets, especially in energy and food, further strain inflation and economic resilience.
The article includes original tables and figures to support thematic insights. It assesses financial impacts through capital flows, market volatility, and policy responses while highlighting long-term shifts toward green finance, digitalization, and supply chain regionalization. The study concludes by emphasizing the urgency of coordinated, flexible economic strategies to navigate global uncertainties

Green banking is an emerging concept that integrates environmental sustainability into financial services. It involves the adoption of eco-friendly practices, policies, and strategies by financial institutions to promote sustainability and mitigate environmental risks. This research paper explores the concept of green banking, its key practices, and its effectiveness in achieving sustainable finance. The study also examines the challenges and future prospects of green banking in the global financial system

This study explores the challenges students face while using digital banking products. The research focuses on students of KBC North Maharashtra University in Jalgaon. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The study includes ten key challenge areas such as navigation issues, security concerns, technical problems and user awareness. Responses from 100 students were analyzed using independent samples t-tests to check for gender-based differences. The results show that female students face more challenges in areas like security concerns and technical issues. Male students reported more problems with internet connectivity. For the other challenges there was no major difference between male and female students. The findings help understand the areas where digital banking can be made more user-friendly for young users.

Coconut farming forms an integral part of the agrarian economy of Kerala, India, contributing significantly to rural livelihoods and the state’s overall agricultural output. However, the sector is plagued by inefficiencies in post-harvest handling, value addition, logistics, and market accessibility, which collectively hamper profitability and sustainability. This study aims to investigate the current supply chain management (SCM) practices adopted in coconut farming across major growing regions in Kerala and to assess their effectiveness in addressing these operational challenges. A structured survey was conducted among 150 coconut farmers selected through a convenience sampling method. The research design incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods, including descriptive statistics, supply chain mapping, and SWOT analysis, to evaluate the performance of existing SCM practices. The findings highlight critical bottlenecks such as inadequate storage facilities, fragmented market linkages, and limited adoption of digital tools. Moreover, the study identifies opportunities for integrating cooperative marketing, value chain collaboration, and ICT-enabled supply chain solutions. The insights derived provide a strategic framework for policymakers, agri-preneurs, and farmer producer organizations (FPOs) to enhance the efficiency, responsiveness, and sustainability of the coconut supply chain. This research contributes to the broader discourse on agricultural supply chain optimization in developing economies and proposes practical interventions aligned with consumer demand and global market trends.

Indian agrarian economy serves the global food basket in a big way. India is the global largest producer of milk, animal product, pulses, banana, mangoes, guava, vegetable etc. Indian preparations, spices, snacks, fruits and vegetables are having unique quality esteem in the world. As a leader in many Agriculture sectors, its export contribution is exporting to over 100 countries worldwide. Although the industry has a number of milestones in world agriculture exports, the prices of Agriculture product exports have taken down in the financial year 2022-23. This study is to try to examine the participation and growth of agricultural and processed food products export in India and also to check the role of Karnataka. The findings indicate that Agricultural and Processed Food makes a remarkable contribute to Agri and allied sector and overall exports. Karnataka is one of the developing states where in there are exporters who are vigorous and contribute much to the export business.

Financial inclusion is a catalyst for promoting equitable growth and social welfare. It refers to the delivery of financial products and services such as banking, insurance, and credit at affordable costs to all segments of society, particularly the underbanked and economically disadvantaged. This paper examines India’s financial inclusion journey with a primary focus on the Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). The study uses a structured questionnaire to assess the awareness, accessibility, and satisfaction levels among beneficiaries. It also evaluates the challenges and outcomes of financial inclusion efforts and offers suggestions for policy improvements. The research findings indicate significant progress, yet underscore the need for deeper engagement through literacy, infrastructure, and trust-building initiatives to ensure long-term economic empowerment.