Existing urban flood resilience assessments face challenges such as inconsistent indicator systems, limited research methodologies, and inadequate spatial analysis, making it difficult to accommodate the “multi-center, high heterogeneity” regional characteristics of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. This study examines 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region by integrating multi-source remote sensing data with socio-economic statistics. A flood resilience evaluation framework was constructed across four dimensions: infrastructure, environment, economy, and society. The analytic hierarchy process was employed to determine indicator weights, while the TOPSIS method was utilized to quantitatively assess resilience levels across cities. Spatial visualization of resilience rankings was achieved through advanced spatial analysis techniques. Findings reveal significant spatial disparities in urban flood resilience within the region, exhibiting a hierarchical distribution pattern characterized by “high resilience in Beijing-Tianjin dual cores, relatively high levels in the Beijing metropolitan ring, and lower resilience in central-southern Hebei.” Economic resilience and social resilience emerged as key determinants of regional flood vulnerability. High-resilience cities are concentrated in Beijing and Tianjin, whereas low-resilience cities are predominantly located in Xingtai and Hengshui. These findings provide scientific foundations and decision-making references for coordinated flood disaster prevention, resilient city development, and cross-regional collaborative mitigation strategies in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area.