Sustainable development is a crucial concept that emphasizes the need for growth that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own, integrating societal, economic, and political dimensions. The importance of this approach is underscored by the need for environmental valuation and assessment, particularly in sectors like air traffic, where infrastructure development can significantly impact sustainability. Existing literature in transport economics, especially concerning optimal airport infrastructure development, is limited, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive research in this area. This doctoral dissertation aims to fill this gap by exploring sustainable practices and innovative models that can guide the development of air traffic infrastructure within the framework of sustainable development principles.