The Indian cement industry plays a significant role in supporting economic growth, infrastructure development, and industrial expansion. This study evaluates the profitability of five selected Indian cement companies using the DuPont analysis framework. The research examines the impact of Asset Turnover Ratio (ATR), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Equity Multiplier (EM) on Return on Equity (ROE) through regression and correlation analysis. The findings reveal that the regression model explains 60.2% of the variation in ROE, indicating a satisfactory model fit. Asset Turnover Ratio and Net Profit Margin were found to have a statistically significant positive influence on ROE, while the Equity Multiplier showed no significant impact. Correlation analysis further confirmed a strong positive relationship between ROE and Net Profit Margin, whereas Financial Leverage exhibited a negative association with profitability. The study concludes that operational efficiency and effective asset utilization are the primary drivers of profitability in the Indian cement industry. The findings provide valuable insights for investors, managers, and policymakers in improving financial performance and ensuring sustainable growth.