The expansion of gig economy has transformed labour markets by creating flexible, technology-mediated employment opportunities across sectors such as ride-hailing, food delivery, logistics, and online freelancing. Gig work provides autonomy, flexibility, and income-generating opportunities. However, gig work is also associated with several challenges that may affect workers’ performance. This systematic literature review examines major factors that facilitate or constrain the work performance of gig workers. Using the PRISMA 2020 framework, this review synthesises evidence from 32 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2026 and identified through Scopus, Web of Science, Dimensions, and Google Scholar. The findings indicate that work motivation, job autonomy, flexible working arrangements, digital skills, platform support, fair compensation, and organisational commitment are important factors associated with gig-work performance. In contrast, algorithmic control, job insecurity, income uncertainty, occupational stress, customer-related challenges, inadequate social protection, work-life imbalance, and regulatory uncertainty may adversely affect gig workers’ performance. The review highlights important research gaps, particularly the limited empirical evidence from India and the scarcity of research specifically examining gig workers in Kerala. The study contributes to the growing literature on the gig economy by synthesising existing evidence on the factors and by providing a direction for future research and policy development.