This article critically examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on labour relations and labour rights protection under Vietnamese labour law in the context of digital transformation and platform-based employment. The study analyses the legal implications of algorithmic management, automated decision-making, workplace surveillance technologies, and digital labour platforms. Employing doctrinal legal research, comparative legal analysis, and qualitative policy evaluation, the article assesses the adequacy of the Vietnamese Labour Code 2019 and related legal instruments in addressing emerging technological risks affecting workers’ rights.
We argues that the current Vietnamese legal framework remains insufficiently equipped to regulate AI-driven employment governance, particularly regarding platform worker classification, algorithmic transparency, automated managerial decision-making, workplace surveillance, and employee data protection. Comparative analysis of the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act, the proposed Platform Work Directive, Germany’s co-determination approach, and Spain’s Riders Law demonstrates the increasing international recognition that labour law must adapt to technologically mediated employment relations while preserving fundamental labour protections.
The article contributes to the emerging scholarship concerning AI and labour law in Vietnam by integrating labour law analysis with international labour standards, comparative legal experiences, and technological governance principles. It further proposes a comprehensive reform agenda for Vietnamese labour law based on transparency, human oversight, algorithmic accountability, anti-discrimination safeguards, and strengthened collective labour rights in digital workplaces.