Modern ports worldwide are undergoing rapid digital transformation to meet growing global trade and supply chain demands. This paper examines the adoption of advanced technologies—Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), block chain, digital twins, autonomous systems, and predictive analytics—and their contribution to modernizing port logistics and operational management. These innovations enhance cargo handling, reduce turnaround time, improve transparency, and support data-driven decision-making. The study also highlights evolving governance models such as Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) and port privatization, which help attract investment and accelerate technological development. With a special focus on Chennai Port, the paper evaluates its digital progress, persistent challenges, and alignment with global smart-port standards. The findings emphasize the need for strengthened legislation to support cyber-security, digital documentation, automation, and unified data-sharing frameworks for a sustainable and future-ready port ecosystem.