Title: FROM CHALLENGER BANKS TO INCLUSIVE FINANCE: LESSONS FROM THE UK NEOBANKING EXPERIENCE FOR FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDIA
Author: Kaleecharan Chelladurai and Ilankumaran G
Abstract:

The rapid rise of neobanks has reshaped banking systems in several advanced economies by lowering access barriers, reducing costs, and extending formal financial services to previously excluded populations. This study examines the United Kingdom as a benchmark case to analyse how neobanks addressed long-standing accessibility challenges related to branch dependence, onboarding delays, and cash access constraints, and how these interventions translated into measurable financial inclusion outcomes over time. Using a purely secondary-data–based comparative research design, the paper draws on evidence from the World Bank Global Findex, the Financial Conduct Authority, the Bank of England, the Reserve Bank of India, and multilateral institutions. The analysis demonstrates that the UK’s neobanking transition unfolded over nearly a decade, supported by regulatory innovations, shared ATM networks, and mobile-first account access, leading to a marked decline in unbanked adults and a shift in consumer banking behaviour. The paper then contrasts this experience with India’s state-led digital financial inclusion model, highlighting similarities, divergences, and projected timelines for neobank-led transformation. By situating neobanks within broader inclusion architectures, the study contributes to comparative banking and financial inclusion literature and offers policy-relevant insights for emerging economies

Keywords: Neobanks, Financial inclusion, Banking accessibility, Digital banking
DOI: https://doi.org/10.38193/IJRCMS.2026.8155
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Date of Publication: 19-02-2026
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Published Vol & Issue: Volume 8 Issue 1 Jan-Feb 2026