This study examines the evolving role of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) in India’s economic, social, and technological development. It explores NRI contributions through remittances, foreign investments, and entrepreneurship, highlighting their impact on key sectors such as real estate, education, and healthcare. The paper delves into policy frameworks governing NRI engagement and assesses challenges like taxation, dual citizenship, and bureaucratic hurdles. Case studies illustrate successful NRI-driven initiatives in business and philanthropy. The research also investigates brain drain versus brain gain dynamics, emphasizing knowledge transfer and global networking. Emerging digital platforms have facilitated stronger diaspora ties, fostering innovation and cultural exchange. Comparative analysis with other diaspora communities sheds light on best practices for maximizing NRI potential. The study suggests policy recommendations for enhancing NRI participation in nation-building. It underscores the need for inclusive policies that recognize NRIs as strategic partners in India’s progress. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of transnational ties and their implications for India’s growth trajectory.